Search results for "Machine translation"
showing 10 items of 64 documents
Intelligent agents for feature modelling in computer aided design
2017
Abstract CAD modelling can be referred to as the process of generating an integrated multiple view model as a representation of multiple views of engineering design. In many situations, a change in the model of one view may conflict with the models of other views. In such situations, the model of some views needs to be adapted in order to make all models consistent. Thus, CAD models should be capable of adapting themselves to new situations. Recently, agent based technologies have been considered in order to increase both knowledge level and intelligence of real and virtual objects. The contribution of this paper consists in introducing the intelligent agents in intelligent CAD modelling. T…
Risks in neural machine translation
2020
Abstract The new paradigm of neural machine translation is leading to profound changes in the translation industry. Surprisingly good results have led to high expectations; however, there are substantial risks that have not yet been sufficiently taken into account. Risks exist on three levels: first, what kind of damage can clients and end users incur in safety-critical domains if the NMT result contains errors; second, who is liable for damage caused by the use of NMT; third, what cyber risks can the use of NMT entail, especially when free online engines are used. When establishing sustainable measures to reduce such risks, we also need to consider general principles of human behaviour if …
Comparing the Quality of Neural Machine Translation and Professional Post-Editing
2019
This empirical corpus study explores the quality of neural machine translations (NMT) and their post-edits (NMTPE) at the German Department of the European Commission’s Directorate-General for Translation (DGT) by evaluating NMT outputs, NMTPE, and respective revisions (REV) with the automatic error annotation tool Hjerson (Popovic 2011) and the more fine-grained manual MQM framework (Lommel 2014). Results show that quality assurance measures by post-editors and revisors at the DGT are most often necessary for lexical errors. More specifically, if post-editors correct mistranslations, terminology or stylistic errors in an NMT sentence, revisors are likely to correct the same type of error i…
Models of the Translation Process
2017
Training the modern translator – the acquisition of digital competencies through blended learning
2019
This paper presents the ERASMUS+ DigiLing project, which aims to teach and improve linguists’ and translators’ skills and knowledge of digitalisation to prepare them for today’s job market. Against this background, it discusses the development of digital competencies and distinguishes them from traditional domain-specific and general competencies. For the purpose of competence acquisition, six online courses have been created which all revolve around the field of ‘digital linguistics’, including localization in the digital age and post-editing machine translation. We provide an overview of the project, the course contents and the didactic methodology. In addition, we discuss which competenc…
Combining Machine Translated Sentence Chunks from Multiple MT Systems
2018
This paper presents a hybrid machine translation (HMT) system that pursues syntactic analysis to acquire phrases of source sentences, translates the phrases using multiple online machine translation (MT) system application program interfaces (APIs) and generates output by combining translated chunks to obtain the best possible translation. The aim of this study is to improve translation quality of English – Latvian texts over each of the individual MT APIs. The selection of the best translation hypothesis is done by calculating the perplexity for each hypothesis using an n-gram language model. The result is a phrase-based multi-system machine translation system that allows to improve MT out…
Hand‐related action words impair action anticipation in expert table tennis players : Behavioral and neural evidence
2021
Athletes extract kinematic information to anticipate action outcomes. Here, we examined the influence of linguistic information (experiment 1, 2) and its underlying neural correlates (experiment 2) on anticipatory judgment. Table tennis experts and novices remembered a hand- or leg-related verb or a spatial location while predicting the trajectory of a ball in a video occluded at the moment of the serve. Experiment 1 showed that predictions by experts were more accurate than novices, but experts’ accuracy significantly decreased when hand-related words versus spatial locations were memorized. For nonoccluded videos with ball trajectories congruent or incongruent with server actions in exper…
Language Documentation and Descriptive Linguistics
2021
Neural Networks with Multidimensional Cross-Entropy Loss Functions
2019
Deep neural networks have emerged as an effective machine learning tool successfully applied for many tasks, such as misinformation detection, natural language processing, image recognition, machine translation, etc. Neural networks are often applied to binary or multi-class classification problems. In these settings, cross-entropy is used as a loss function for neural network training. In this short note, we propose an extension of the concept of cross-entropy, referred to as multidimensional cross-entropy, and its application as a loss function for classification using neural networks. The presented computational experiments on a benchmark dataset suggest that the proposed approaches may …
Context-free Languages
1988
In this chapter we shall define a class of rewriting systems called context-free grammars. The left-hand side of a rule in a context-free grammar consists of a single symbol, so that symbols are rewritten “context-freely”. Context-free grammars are of central importance to us because they define the class of context-free languages, the parsing of which is the subject of this book. In this chapter we shall consider some structural properties of context-free grammars which are of importance in parsing. Also, a basic method for recognizing context-free languages will be given.